女性命运的不同阐释--比较《玉米》和《麦穗》

毕飞宇的《玉米》和迟子建的《麦穗》都以书写女性人生为主要内容,但由于作家自身经历、人生观念的差异,两篇题材相似的作品对女性命运的阐释有很大不同,前者描述的是一个权欲的悲剧,后者则用美好的人性温暖了女主角原本走向黯淡的人生。     

Loss of antibody production accompanied by chromosome loss in a cloned hybrid line secreting antibodies to sheep red blood cells

Summary Somatic cell hybrids between Sp2/O-Ag14 mouse myeloma cells and lymphocytes derived from BALB/c mice hyperimmunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were produced. One hybrid producing IgG₁ antibody to SRBC was selected, cloned twice and subsequently transferred to BALB/c mice. After a number of transfers it was found that the antibody titer in ascitec fluid gradually decreased. Cytogenetic analysis revealed gradual chromosome loss in the hybrid clone, which produced progressively less antibody.     

Identification and classification of subspecies of Asian cultivated rice and their hybrids

Having reviewed the major classification systems proposed by various scholars across the world, it is found thatindica andjaponica underO. sativa L. are two major directions thoroughly differentiated from the Asian cultivated rice, forming the framework of the classification structure. A system withindica andjaponica as the only two subspecies is therefore reiterated. There are various ways to determine the indica-japonica identity of hybrid rice, but the “combined morphological trait index” (CMT index) method is more efficient and easier to handle, although the isozyme analysis, molecular marker analysis and grain quality assay methods are also feasible.     

高温薄层干燥玉米应力裂纹的试验与分析

本文进行了玉米高温薄层干燥试验，分析应力裂纹的形成机理，探讨干燥条件对应力裂纹生成和发展的影响规律．结果显示，应力裂纹的形成与干燥、冷却和储存过程中升温、降温及水分迁移有关，尤其是干后玉米内部水分的重新均匀化过程．籽粒内部的水分梯度造成的籽粒不同组成部分受压和受拉是产生应力裂纹的主要原因。应力裂纹仅仅是内部裂纹，只在胚乳中存在，沿着淀粉颗粒边缘发展．干燥介质温度、速度和样品的初始及终了水分对应力裂纹的发生和发展有重大影响。     

Rapid growth and sterility of growth hormone gene transgenic triploid carp

Triploid carp (100%) with 150 (3n=150) chromosomes were obtained by crossing the females of improved tetraploid hybrids (♀, 4n=200) of red crucian carp (♀)×common carp (♂) with the males of diploid yellow river carp (♂, 2n=100). The crosses yielded transgenic triploid carp (positive triploid fish, 44.2% of the progeny) and non-transgenic triploid carp (negative triploid fish). Histological examination of the gonads of 24-month-old positive triploid fish suggested they were sterile and the fish were not able to produce mature gametes during the breeding season. Morphologically, both the positive and negative triploid fish were similar. They had a spindle-shaped, laterally compressed, steel grey body with two pairs of barbells. Most of the quantifiable traits of the triploid carp were intermediate between those of the two parents. The positive and negative triploid fish were raised in the same pond for 2 years. The mean body weight of the positive triploid fish was 2.3 times higher than the negative triploid fish. The weight of the largest positive triploid fish was 2.91 times higher than that of the largest negative triploid fish. Thus, we produced fast-growing transgenic triploid carp that have a reduced ecological risk because of their inability to mate and produce progeny.     

Abnormalities of meioses in male reciprocal hybrids between the Hiroshima and Ichinoseki populations ofRana japonica

In order to elucidate cytogenetically the cause of male sterility in intraspecific hybrids ofRana japonica, the behavior of chromosomes in the first meiosis was observed in spermatocytes from male reciprocal hybrids between two populations from Hiroshima and Ichinoseki. In the parental Hiroshima and Ichioseki populations, 2530 (96.7%) meiotic spreads had 13 bivalents and 78 (3.0%) contained 12 bivalents and two univalents, whereas in reciprocal hybrids only 337 (7.0%) contained 13 bivalents and the other 4445 (93.0%) had 2–26 univalents. A total of 31647 (93.4%) bivalents was ring-shaped and the other 2234 (6.6%) were rod-shaped in both parental populations, whereas in reciprocal hybrids 26352 (57.1%) and 19819 (42.9%) bivalents were ring- and rod-shaped, respectively. These results show that meiotic chromosomes of reciprocal hybrids are characterized by a remarkable increase in univalents and rod-shaped bivalents.     

河南省主要玉米杂交种籽粒蛋白质脂肪含量及影响因素的分析

本文系统地研究了河南省主要玉米杂交种籽粒蛋白质、脂肪含量的变异及其主要影响因素。结果在明：杂交种是影响籽粒蛋白质、脂肪含量的主要因素，环境因素对籽粒的蛋白质、脂肪含量也有较大影响。     

A new type of triploid crucian crap?red crucian carp (♀)×allotetraploid (♂)

A new type of triploid hybrids (TC) was produced by crossing red crucian carp (♀) with allotetraploid hybrids (♂). This type of triploids with no barbel was spindle-shaped and gray in color. Compared with their parents, some data of the morphological traits in the triploid hybrids were intermediate to those of their parents, and some were beyond their parents with heterozygous traits. Under the same culture conditions, the growth rate of the new type triploids was faster than their maternal red crucian carp (RC). The gonadal development of triploids was obviously slower than that of diploids, and the germ cells in them were degenerated. Compared with another type of triploids produced by Japanese crucian carp (♀) with allotetraploid hybrids (♂), the new type triploids not only kept faster growth rate and sterility, but also had no barbel that was similar to the common carp. The absence of the barbel in the new type of triploids has the important significance in both the inheritance and fish breeding.     

猕猴桃种间体细胞杂种细胞质DNA遗传的初步分析

提取猕猴桃体细胞杂种叶片总DNA,PCR和限制性内切酶,分析了叶绿体基因组的trnT(UGU)和5'trnL(UAA)外显子之间的a～b间隔区DNA片段和光合系统Ⅱ D1蛋白基因(psbA)片段,以及线粒体基因组的ORF25片段的遗传特征.结果表明,狗枣猕猴桃(A.kolomikta)与中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)的对称体细胞杂种具有与中华猕猴桃相同的a～b间隔区DNA片段,叶绿体DNA遗传为非随机分离.还讨论了cpDNA遗传与猕猴桃种间的亲缘关系.     

水稻籼粳杂种多倍体的研究

以秋水仙碱诱导的水稻籼粳杂多倍体植株中，部分植株的体细胞呈现具有整倍体和非整倍体染色体数细胞嵌合现象，其中四倍体细胞最高可占35．3％，其余均为染色体数低于48条的各种细胞，与二倍体植株相比，这些植株的叶表皮气孔增大，气孔数减少，花粉粒直径增大都是十分显的，与多倍体植株无明显区别，并对这类植株根尖体细胞中存在具各种染色体数目细胞嵌合现象可能的原因进行了分析。